Nitrate additives for lithium batteries: Mechanisms, applications, and prospects

Li Xiang; Zhao Ruxin; Fu Yongzhu; Manthiram Arumugam

doi:10.1016/j.esci.2021.12.006

Volume 1 Issue 2

Dec. 2021

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Li Xiang, Zhao Ruxin, Fu Yongzhu, Manthiram Arumugam. Nitrate additives for lithium batteries: Mechanisms, applications, and prospects[J]. eScience, 2021, 1(2): 108-123. doi: 10.1016/j.esci.2021.12.006

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Li Xiang, Zhao Ruxin, Fu Yongzhu, Manthiram Arumugam. Nitrate additives for lithium batteries: Mechanisms, applications, and prospects[J]. eScience, 2021, 1(2): 108-123. doi: 10.1016/j.esci.2021.12.006

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Nitrate additives for lithium batteries: Mechanisms, applications, and prospects

doi: 10.1016/j.esci.2021.12.006

Li Xiang^{a, 1},
Zhao Ruxin^{a, 1},
Fu Yongzhu^{a
,
,},
Manthiram Arumugam^{b
,
,}

a.
College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
b.
Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail addresses: yfu@zzu.edu.cn (Y. Fu); E-mail addresses: manth@austin.utexas.edu (A. Manthiram)
Received Date: 2021-10-19
Revised Date: 2021-11-26
Accepted Date: 2021-12-23

Available Online: 2021-12-29

Abstract

Abstract

Lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) are considered as one of the most promising energy storage devices due to the high energy density and low reduction potential of the Li-metal anode. However, the growth of lithium dendrites results in accumulated dead Li and safety issues, limiting the practical application of LMBs. LiNO₃ is a well-known additive in lithium–sulfur batteries to regulate the solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI), effectively suppressing the redox shuttle of polysulfides. Recently, other nitrates have been investigated in various electrolyte and battery systems, yielding improved SEI stability and cycling performance. In this review, we provide an overview of various nitrates, including LiNO₃ for lithium batteries, focusing on their mechanisms and performance. We first discuss the effect of nitrate anions on SEI formation, as well as the cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI). The solvation behavior regulated by nitrates is also extensively explored. Some strategies to improve the solubility of LiNO₃ in ester-based electrolytes are then summarized, followed by a discussion of recent progress in the application of nitrates in different systems. Finally, further research directions are presented, along with challenges. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of nitrates and affords new and interesting ideas for the design of better electrolytes and battery systems.
- Nitrate additive,
- Lithium battery,
- Mechanism,
- Application

● Other nitrates besides LiNO₃ are reviewed.
● The effect of nitrates as additive in lithium batteries is summarized from the aspects of NO₃^- and cations.
● The applications of nitrates in different electrolytes and battery systems are summed up.
● Other applications of nitrates besides as additives are introduced.
● Various methods to improve the solubility of nitrates in ester-based electrolyte are presented.
¹ These authors contributed equally.

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